Monitoring apparatus and system

ABSTRACT

An individual signal unit; each said individual signal unit including;(a) a transceiver module,(b) a power supply,(c) a logic circuit,(d) at least one of a number of external event sensors,and wherein a signal from a said individual signal unit to a central control facility causes said central control facility to execute one or more predefined steps; at least some of said predefined steps configured or reconfigurable by an owner of said individual signal unit; at least some of the predefined steps provided by one or more independent parties; at least some predetermined steps configured or reconfigurable by said independent parties.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS AND PRIORITY

This patent application is Continuation-in-Part of and claims priorityfrom U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/417,265 filed May 20, 2019,which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/667,903filed Mar. 25, 2015, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/846,531 filed Mar. 18, 2013, which is a Continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/373,506 filed Jan. 2, 2009, which claimspriority from PCT Patent Application No. PCT/AU2007/000958 filed Jul.12, 2007, which claims priority from Australian Patent Application No.AU 2006903740 filed Jul. 12, 2006 and Australian Patent Application No.AU 2007902358 filed May 4, 2007. Each of these patent applications areincorporated by reference herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to error and incident reporting apparatusand systems and, more particularly, to a system adapted to monitoringand acting upon status signals emanating from widely diverse andgeographically separated installations.

BACKGROUND

The efficient functioning of modern societies relies on innumerablediscrete items of infrastructure. In many cases, particularly where suchitems are located in remote or difficult to reach or monitor locations,a malfunction or adverse incident may remain undetected for considerablelengths of time causing inconvenience, economic loss or even potentiallyhazardous situations.

Regular inspection of many such items of infrastructure in remote areas,for example irrigation sluices, gates, stock watering troughs etc isusually impractical. Similar impracticality or prohibitive expense isassociated with the monitoring for example of such items as tool shedsat building sites, tool boxes on trucks, and equipment and plantremaining on construction sites etc.

The need for monitoring is of course not restricted to remote areas.Security and status of equipment, buildings and vehicles and the like isimportant everywhere. However, setting up a monitoring system isfrequently a complicated procedure, often involving complex wiring ofhardware installations, site visits by professional personnel.

It is an object of the present invention to address or at leastameliorate some of the above disadvantages.

Note

-   1. The term “comprising” (and grammatical variations thereof) is    used in this specification in the inclusive sense of “having” or    “including”, and not in the exclusive sense of “consisting only of”.-   2. The terms “owner”, “user”, “registered user” are used    interchangeably in this specification for any person authorised to    predefine the steps to be executed in response to a signal from an    individual signal unit (ISU).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

Accordingly, in one broad form of the invention there is provided anindividual signal unit; each said individual signal unit including;

-   -   (a) a transceiver module,    -   (b) a power supply,    -   (c) a logic circuit,    -   (d) at least one of a number of event sensors,        and wherein a signal from a said individual signal unit to a        central control facility causes said central control facility to        execute one or more predefined steps; at least some of said        predefined steps configured or reconfigurable by an owner of        said individual signal unit; at least some of the predefined        steps provided by one or more independent parties; at least some        predetermined steps configured or reconfigurable by said        independent parties.

In a further broad form of the invention there is provided a monitoringsystem including an individual signal unit; said individual signal unitcommunicating with a central control facility when an event sensoractivates said individual signal unit; said central control facilityexecuting a number of predefined steps on receipt of a communicationfrom said individual signal unit; at least some of said predefined stepsconfigured or reconfigurable by an owner of said individual signal unit;at least some of the predefined steps provided by one or moreindependent parties; at least some predetermined steps configured orreconfigurable by said independent parties.

Preferably a communication between said individual signal unit and saidcentral control facility is not limited by distance.

Preferably said individual signal unit may be located at any locationrelative said central control facility.

Preferably said individual signal unit is mobility independent of saidcentral control facility.

Preferably said communication between said individual signal unit andsaid central control facility is by means of any communication network.

Preferably said predefined steps include a communication between saidcentral control facility and a said owner or registered user of saidindividual signal unit.

Preferably said communication between said central control facility andsaid owner or registered user is by means of any communication network.

Preferably said predefined steps may include a first layer and asecondary layer of said predefined steps.

Preferably said secondary layer of predefined steps may be executed bysaid central control facility in accordance with a reply to a saidcommunication between said central control facility and a said owner orregistered user.

Preferably said individual signal unit is programmable.

Preferably said individual signal unit includes a graphic display.

Preferably said individual signal unit is configurable to accept signalinput from any external sensing device.

Preferably said individual signal unit is configurable to allow outputsignals to any said communication network.

Preferably said individual signal unit is adapted for integration intoproducts as an original equipment manufacture (OEM) module.

Preferably said central control facility includes a database and aserver; said central control facility maintaining an Internet web siteon said server.

Preferably said system provides a means of asset monitoring; said assetmonitoring alerting a said owner or registered user to an incidentaffecting a said asset.

Preferably said predefined steps include activation of an output deviceconnected to a said individual signal unit.

Preferably data flow between a tool source and said central controlfacility is bidirectional.

Preferably data flow between said central control facility and anindividual signal unit is bidirectional.

Preferably data flow between said central control facility and a usercomputer is bidirectional.

Preferably said independent party provides a pre-programmed tool andassociated pre-programmed ISU.

Preferably said independent party provides follow-on services inresponse to a particular event detected by an ISU.

Preferably the follow-on services are provided by a freelance provider.

Preferably the freelance provider advertises their availability on awebsite controlled by said central control facility.

Preferably said independent party engages the services of said freelanceprovider.

Preferably control of event monitoring is passed to said central controlfacility by said owner.

Preferably said independent party advertises on said website inassociation with tool provision.

Accordingly, in one broad form of the invention, there is provided aninfrastructure monitoring system; said apparatus including a pluralityof geographically disparate individual signal units in communicationwith a central control facility via at least one communicationsatellite; said individual signal units adapted to change from a firststand-by state to a second powered up state on the occurrence of achange of status of an item of said infrastructure; each device of saidindividual signal units transmitting a signal to said central controlfacility during said powered up state; said signal triggering aprogrammed predefined sequence of responses; each said device returningto said stand-by state after transmission of a said signal.

Preferably, each of said individual signal units is provided with aunique signal unit identification code; said unique identification codecomprising said signal transmitted to said central control facility.

Preferably, each of said individual signal units is provided with asignal transceiver module.

Preferably, each of said individual signal units is provided with arechargeable power supply.

Preferably, said rechargeable power supply is recharged by a solar cellarray.

Preferably, each said individual signal units is provided with at leastone external event sensor.

Preferably, said at least one external event sensor is adapted torespond to a change in status of a said item of infrastructure.

Preferably, a said individual signal unit receives an input signal fromsaid at least one external event sensor at said change of status.

Preferably, each said at least one external event sensor is associatedwith a unique sequence of repeat transmissions of said uniqueidentification code; said unique sequence of repeat transmissionscomprising said signal transmitted to said central control facility.

Preferably, each of said individual signal units is provided with anexternal event sensor interface adapted to monitor signals from at leastone remote external event sensor.

Preferably, each of said individual signal units is provided with tampermonitoring means; said tamper monitoring means associated with one saidunique sequence of repeat transmissions of said unique identificationcode.

Preferably, said central control facility includes a transceiver modulein communication with said at least one satellite.

Preferably, said transceiver module is linked to server and data storagedevices; said server and data storage devices adapted to process signalsreceived from any one of said individual signal units.

Preferably, said server and data storage devices are adapted to initiateany of a plurality of pre-programmed outputs; said outputs dependent onsaid unique identification code and said unique sequence of repeattransmissions of said unique identification code comprising a receivedsaid signal.

Preferably, said server and data storage devices are adapted to initiatecoded data for transmission to said individual signal units.

Preferably, said coded data transmitted to a said individual signal unitincludes instructions for programmed responses by a said individualsignal unit to inputs received from said one or more external eventsensors.

Preferably, a said individual signal unit is provided with at least oneoutput relay; said at least one output relay adapted to control anexternal device.

Preferably, said server and data storage devices are adapted to initiatepredetermined communications to at least one nominated recipient; saidcommunications dependent on signals received from a said individualsignal unit.

Preferably, said at least one nominated recipient is a registered userof said monitoring system.

Preferably, said at least one nominated recipient is a service providerto said monitoring system.

Preferably, a said registered user of said monitoring system is enabledto register a said individual signal unit with said central controlfacility over the Internet.

Preferably, registration of said individual signal unit includesprovision of data relevant to responses to external sensor events bysaid individual signal unit and by said central control facility.

In a further broad form of the invention there is provided a method formonitoring the status of at least one aspect of geographically disparateitems of infrastructure; said method including the steps of:

-   -   (a) installing an individual signal unit at each of said items        of infrastructure,    -   (b) providing said individual signal unit with at least one        external event sensor and a signal transceiver,    -   (c) linking said individual signal unit with a central control        facility via a satellite link,    -   (d) providing said central control facility with server and data        storage devices; said devices adapted to execute pre-programmed        responses to a signal received from a said individual signalling        device.

Preferably, each said individual signal unit includes;

-   -   (a) a transceiver module,    -   (b) a rechargeable power supply and power control module,    -   (c) a logic circuit,    -   (d) at least one external event sensor.

Preferably, said method includes the further steps of:

-   -   (a) providing each said individual signal unit with a unique        individual signal unit identification code,    -   (b) associating a unique sequence of repeat transmission of said        identification code for each said external event sensor,    -   (c) programming said individual signal unit to transmit a signal        comprising said unique sequence of repeat transmission        identification code of said individual signal unit to said        central control facility on the occurrence of a change of said        status of a said item of infrastructure,    -   (d) executing said pre-programmed responses to a signal received        from a said individual signalling device.

Accordingly, in a first broad form of the invention, there is providedan apparatus and monitoring system for response to incidents sensed byat least one sensor of an individual signal unit; said responsecomprising in a first instance, transmission to a central controlfacility by a said individual signal unit, of at least a uniqueidentifying code for that individual signal unit, over a communicationnetwork; said response comprising in a second instance, transmission ofdata from said central control facility to one or more recipientsnominated by a registered owner of said individual signal unit; andwherein registration of a said individual signal unit and configurationof sensing and of said response is via a web-based interface.

Preferably, said response in said first instance includes digital oranalogue data input to said individual signal unit.

Preferably, said digital or analogue data is transmitted to said centralcontrol facility in real time.

Preferably, said digital or analogue data is stored, prior transmission,on a data storage device of said individual signal unit.

Preferably, said at least one sensor is incorporated within saidindividual signal unit.

Preferably, said at least one sensor is an external sensor connected toan input port of said individual signal unit.

Preferably, said individual signal unit further includes a rechargeablepower supply.

Preferably, said rechargeable power supply is recharged by a solar cellarray.

Preferably, said web-based interface includes at least one web page;said web page provided with at least one data entry field.

Preferably, each of said individual signal units is provided with aunique individual signal unit identification code; said uniqueidentification code comprising said signal transmitted to said centralcontrol facility.

Preferably, each said at least one external event sensor is associatedwith a unique sequence of repeat transmissions of said uniqueidentification code; said unique sequence of repeat transmissionscomprising said signal transmitted to said central control facility.

Preferably, of each said individual signal units is provided with atleast one external event sensor.

Preferably, said at least one external event sensor is adapted torespond to a change in stimulus of said sensor.

Preferably, said at least one external event sensor is adapted torespond to a predefined stimulus.

Preferably, a said individual signal unit receives an input signal fromsaid at least one external event sensor at said change in stimulus.

Preferably, said central control facility includes a transceiver modulein communication with said communication network.

Preferably, said transceiver module is linked to server and data storagedevices; said server and data storage devices adapted to process signalsreceived from any one of said individual signal units.

Preferably, said server and data storage devices are adapted to initiateat least one pre-programmed output-a; said output or outputs dependenton said unique identification code

Preferably, a said individual signal unit is provided with at least oneinput; said at least one input adapted to communicate with one saidsensor.

Preferably, a said individual signal unit is provided with at least oneoutput; said at least one output adapted to control an external device.

Preferably, said server and data storage devices are adapted to initiatepredetermined communications to at least one nominated recipient; saidcommunications dependent on a signal received from a said individualsignal unit.

Preferably, said at least one nominated recipient is an owner of a saidindividual signal unit registered with said monitoring system.

Preferably, said at least one nominated recipient is a service providernominated by said owner of a said individual signal unit.

In a further broad form of the invention, there is provided anindividual signal unit; each said individual signal unit including;

-   -   (a) a transceiver module,    -   (b) a rechargeable power supply and power control module,    -   (c) a logic circuit,    -   (d) at least one external event sensor,    -   and wherein a signal from a said individual signal unit to a        central control facility causes said central control facility to        execute a number of predefined steps; said predefined steps        configured by an owner of said individual signal unit.

In another broad form of the invention, there is provided a monitoringsystem; said apparatus comprising an individual signal unit and at leastone owner selectable sensor connected to said individual signal unit;said individual signal unit and said at least one sensor registered bysaid user with a central control facility; wherein said individualsignal unit is programmed to transmit a unique device identificationcode to said central control facility when said at least one sensordetects an incident; said central control facility responding to atransmitted said unique device identification code according toprotocols established at registration of said unit by said owner.

In yet a further broad form of the invention, there is provided amonitoring system enabled by the internet and a communication system;said system including a number of individual signal units; each of saiddevices connected to at least one owner selectable sensor; each of saidindividual signal units and said at least one sensor registered with acentral control facility by said owner over said internet; said centralcontrol facility responding to an incident sensed by a said sensoraccording to protocols established at registration by a said owner.

In yet a further broad form of the invention, there is provided a methodof monitoring the status of an item of interest; said method includingthe steps of:

-   -   (a) purchase by an owner of an individual signal unit and at        least one user selectable sensor for connection to said device,    -   (b) registering said individual signal unit and said at least        one sensor with a central control facility,    -   (c) configuring a response executable by said central control        facility on receipt by said facility of a signal transmitted by        said individual signal unit.

Preferably, said signal comprises a unique identifying code of saidindividual signal unit.

Preferably, said registering of a said individual signal unit includesthe steps of:

-   -   (d) accessing a web site maintained by said central control        facility,    -   (e) establishing a user name and password with said central        control facility,    -   (f) entering into said web site a registration code of said        individual signal unit,    -   (g) entering a user selected identifier name for said individual        signal unit,    -   (h) entering details of one or more sensors to be connected to        said individual signal unit,    -   (i) entering details of said response executable by said central        control facility.

In another broad form of the invention, there is provided a method formonitoring the status of at least one aspect of geographically disparateitems of infrastructure; said method including the steps of:

-   -   (a) installing an individual signal unit at each of said items        of infrastructure,    -   (b) providing said individual signal unit with at least one        external event sensor and a signal transceiver,    -   (c) linking said individual signal unit with a central control        facility via a communication network,    -   (d) providing said central control facility with server and data        storage devices; said devices adapted to execute pre-programmed        responses to a signal received from a said individual signalling        device.

In still another broad form of the invention, there is providedapparatus of an infrastructure monitoring system; said apparatusincluding a plurality of geographically disparate individual signallingdevices in communication with a central control facility via at leastone communication satellite; said individual signalling devices adaptedto change from a first stand-by state to a second powered up state onthe occurrence of a change of status of an item of said infrastructure;each device of said individual signalling devices transmitting a signalto said central control facility during said powered up state; saidsignal triggering a programmed predefined sequence of responses; eachsaid device returning to said stand-by state after transmission of asaid signal.

Preferably, each of said individual signalling devices is provided witha unique signalling device identification code; said uniqueidentification code comprising said signal transmitted to said centralcontrol facility.

Preferably, each of said individual signalling devices is provided witha signal transceiver module.

Preferably, each of said individual signalling devices is provided witha rechargeable power supply.

Preferably, said rechargeable power supply is recharged by a solar cellarray.

Preferably, each said individual signalling devices is provided with atleast one external event sensor.

Preferably, said at least one external event sensor is adapted torespond to a change in status of a said item of infrastructure.

Preferably, a said individual signalling device receives an input signalfrom said at least one external event sensor at said change of status.

Preferably, each said at least one external event sensor is associatedwith a unique sequence of repeat transmissions of said uniqueidentification code; said unique sequence of repeat transmissionscomprising said signal transmitted to said central control facility.

Preferably, each of said individual signalling devices is provided withan external event sensor interface adapted to monitor signals from atleast one remote external event sensor.

Preferably, each of said individual signalling devices is provided withtamper monitoring means; said tamper monitoring means associated withone said unique sequence of repeat transmissions of said uniqueidentification code.

Preferably, said central control facility includes a transceiver modulein communication with said at least one satellite.

Preferably, said transceiver module is linked to server and data storagedevices; said server and data storage devices adapted to process signalsreceived from any one of said individual signalling devices.

Preferably, said server and data storage devices are adapted to initiateany of a plurality of pre-programmed outputs; said outputs dependent onsaid unique identification code and said unique sequence of repeattransmissions of said unique identification code comprising a receivedsaid signal.

Preferably, said server and data storage devices are adapted to initiatecoded data for transmission to said individual signalling devices.

Preferably, said coded data transmitted to a said individual signallingdevice includes instructions for programmed responses by a saidindividual signalling device to inputs received from said one or moreexternal event sensors.

Preferably, a said individual signalling device is provided with atleast one output relay; said at least one output relay adapted tocontrol an external device.

Preferably, said server and data storage devices are adapted to initiatepredetermined communications to at least one nominated recipient; saidcommunications dependent on signals received from a said individualsignalling device.

Preferably, said at least one nominated recipient is a registered userof said monitoring system.

Preferably, said at least one nominated recipient is a service providerto said monitoring system.

Preferably, a said registered user of said monitoring system is enabledto register a said individual signalling device with said centralcontrol facility over the Internet.

Preferably, registration of said individual signalling device includesprovision of data relevant to responses to external sensor events bysaid individual signalling device and by said central control facility.

In a further broad form of the invention there is provided a method formonitoring the status of at least one aspect of geographically disparateitems of infrastructure; said method including the steps of:

-   -   (e) installing an individual signalling device at each of said        items of infrastructure,    -   (f) providing said individual signalling device with at least        one external event sensor and a signal transceiver,    -   (g) linking said individual signalling device with a central        control facility via a satellite link,    -   (h) providing said central control facility with server and data        storage devices; said devices adapted to execute pre-programmed        responses to a signal received from a said individual signalling        device.

Preferably, each said individual signalling device includes;

-   -   (e) a transceiver module,    -   (f) a rechargeable power supply and power control module,    -   (g) a logic circuit,    -   (h) at least one external event sensor.

Preferably, said method includes the further steps of:

-   -   (a) providing each said individual signalling device with a        unique signalling device identification code,    -   (b) associating a unique sequence of repeat transmission of said        identification code for each said external event sensor,    -   (c) programming said individual signalling device to transmit a        signal comprising said unique sequence of repeat transmission        identification code of said signalling device to said central        control facility on the occurrence of a change of said status of        a said item of infrastructure,    -   (d) executing said pre-programmed responses to a signal received        from a said individual signalling device.

In still another broad form of the invention, there is provided, anindividual signal unit; each said individual signal unit including;

-   -   (a) a transceiver module,    -   (b) a rechargeable power supply and power control module,    -   (c) a logic circuit,    -   (d) at least one of a number of selectable external event        sensors,    -   and wherein a signal from a said individual signal unit to a        central control facility causes said central control facility to        execute a number of predefined steps; said predefined steps        configured by an owner of said individual signal unit.

In still another broad form of the invention, there is provided amonitoring system including an individual signal unit; said individualsignal unit communicating with a central control facility when an eventsensor activates said individual signal unit; said central controlfacility executing a number of predefined steps on receipt of acommunication from said individual signal unit; said predefined stepsconfigured by an owner or registered user of said individual signalunit.

Preferably, a communication between said individual signal unit and saidcentral control facility is not limited by distance.

Preferably, said individual signal unit may be located at any locationrelative said central control facility.

Preferably, said individual signal unit is mobility independent of saidcentral control facility.

Preferably, said communication between said individual signal unit andsaid central control facility is by means of any communication network.

Preferably, said predefined steps include a communication between saidcentral control facility and a said owner or registered user of saidindividual signal unit.

Preferably, said communication between said central control facility andsaid owner or registered user is by means of any communication network.

Preferably, said predefined steps may include a first layer and asecondary layer of said predefined steps.

Preferably, selected ones of said secondary layer of predefined stepsmay be executed by said central control facility in accordance with areply to a said communication between said central control facility anda said owner or registered user.

Preferably, said individual signal unit is programmable.

Preferably, said individual signal unit includes a graphic display.

Preferably, said individual signal unit is configurable to accept signalinput from any external sensing device.

Preferably, said individual signal unit is configurable to allow outputsignals to any said communication network.

Preferably, said individual signal unit is adapted for integration intoproducts as an original equipment manufacture (OEM) module.

Preferably, said central control facility includes a database and aserver; said central control facility maintaining an Internet web siteon said server.

Preferably, said system provides a means of asset monitoring; said assetmonitoring alerting a said owner or registered user to an incidentaffecting a said asset.

Preferably, said predefined steps include activation of an output deviceconnected to a said individual signal unit.

In another broad form of the invention, there is provided a method ofderiving revenue from a monitoring system; said monitoring systemincluding a remotely located individual signal unit in communicationwith a central control facility; said method including:

-   -   (a) selling said individual signal units    -   (b) renting said individual signal units    -   (c) charging periodic registration fees    -   (d) charging for network services    -   (e) charging for development, programming and design    -   (f) charging license fees for custom or retrofitted applications    -   (g) collecting industry co-operation commissions    -   (h) charging license fees for monitoring agents and service        providers.

Accordingly, in one broad form of the invention, there is providedapparatus of an infrastructure monitoring system; said apparatusincluding a plurality of geographically disparate individual signalunits in communication with a central control facility via at least onecommunication satellite; said individual signal units adapted to changefrom a first stand-by state to a second powered up state on theoccurrence of a change of status of an item of said infrastructure; eachdevice of said individual signal units transmitting a signal to saidcentral control facility during said powered up state; said signaltriggering a programmed predefined sequence of responses; each saiddevice returning to said stand-by state after transmission of a saidsignal.

Preferably, each of said individual signal units is provided with aunique signal unit identification code; said unique identification codecomprising said signal transmitted to said central control facility.

Preferably, each of said individual signal units is provided with asignal transceiver module.

Preferably, each of said individual signal units is provided with arechargeable power supply.

Preferably, said rechargeable power supply is recharged by a solar cellarray.

Preferably, each said individual signal units is provided with at leastone external event sensor.

Preferably, said at least one external event sensor is adapted torespond to a change in status of a said item of infrastructure.

Preferably, a said individual signal unit receives an input signal fromsaid at least one external event sensor at said change of status.

Preferably, each said at least one external event sensor is associatedwith a unique sequence of repeat transmissions of said uniqueidentification code; said unique sequence of repeat transmissionscomprising said signal transmitted to said central control facility.

Preferably, each of said individual signal units is provided with anexternal event sensor interface adapted to monitor signals from at leastone remote external event sensor.

Preferably, each of said individual signal units is provided with tampermonitoring means; said tamper monitoring means associated with one saidunique sequence of repeat transmissions of said unique identificationcode.

Preferably, said central control facility includes a transceiver modulein communication with said at least one satellite.

Preferably, said transceiver module is linked to server and data storagedevices; said server and data storage devices adapted to process signalsreceived from any one of said individual signal units.

Preferably, said server and data storage devices are adapted to initiateany of a plurality of pre-programmed outputs; said outputs dependent onsaid unique identification code and said unique sequence of repeattransmissions of said unique identification code comprising a receivedsaid signal.

Preferably, said server and data storage devices are adapted to initiatecoded data for transmission to said individual signal units.

Preferably, said coded data transmitted to a said individual signal unitincludes instructions for programmed responses by a said individualsignal unit to inputs received from said one or more external eventsensors.

Preferably, a said individual signal unit is provided with at least oneoutput relay; said at least one output relay adapted to control anexternal device.

Preferably, said server and data storage devices are adapted to initiatepredetermined communications to at least one nominated recipient; saidcommunications dependent on signals received from a said individualsignal unit.

Preferably, said at least one nominated recipient is a registered userof said monitoring system.

Preferably, said at least one nominated recipient is a service providerto said monitoring system.

Preferably, a said registered user of said monitoring system is enabledto register a said individual signal unit with said central controlfacility over the Internet.

Preferably, registration of said individual signal unit includesprovision of data relevant to responses to external sensor events bysaid individual signal unit and by said central control facility.

In a further broad form of the invention there is provided a method formonitoring the status of at least one aspect of geographically disparateitems of infrastructure; said method including the steps of:

-   -   (i) installing an individual signal unit at each of said items        of infrastructure,    -   (j) providing said individual signal unit with at least one        external event sensor and a signal transceiver,    -   (k) linking said individual signal unit with a central control        facility via a satellite link,    -   (l) providing said central control facility with server and data        storage devices; said devices adapted to execute pre-programmed        responses to a signal received from a said individual signalling        device.

Preferably, each said individual signal unit includes;

-   -   (i) a transceiver module,    -   (j) a rechargeable power supply and power control module,    -   (k) a logic circuit,    -   (l) at least one external event sensor.

Preferably, said method includes the further steps of:

-   -   (a) providing each said individual signal unit with a unique        individual signal unit identification code,    -   (b) associating a unique sequence of repeat transmission of said        identification code for each said external event sensor,    -   (c) programming said individual signal unit to transmit a signal        comprising said unique sequence of repeat transmission        identification code of said individual signal unit to said        central control facility on the occurrence of a change of said        status of a said item of infrastructure,    -   (d) executing said pre-programmed responses to a signal received        from a said individual signalling device.

Accordingly, in a first broad form of the invention, there is providedan apparatus and monitoring system for response to incidents sensed byat least one sensor of an individual signal unit; said responsecomprising in a first instance, transmission to a central controlfacility by a said individual signal unit, of at least a uniqueidentifying code for that individual signal unit, over a communicationnetwork; said response comprising in a second instance, transmission ofdata from said central control facility to one or more recipientsnominated by a registered owner of said individual signal unit; andwherein registration of a said individual signal unit and configurationof sensing and of said response is via a web-based interface.

Preferably, said response in said first instance includes digital oranalogue data input to said individual signal unit.

Preferably, said digital or analogue data is transmitted to said centralcontrol facility in real time.

Preferably, said digital or analogue data is stored, prior transmission,on a data storage device of said individual signal unit.

Preferably, said at least one sensor is incorporated within saidindividual signal unit.

Preferably, said at least one sensor is an external sensor connected toan input port of said individual signal unit.

Preferably, said individual signal unit further includes a rechargeablepower supply.

Preferably, said rechargeable power supply is recharged by a solar cellarray.

Preferably, said web-based interface includes at least one web page;said web page provided with at least one data entry field.

Preferably, each of said individual signal units is provided with aunique individual signal unit identification code; said uniqueidentification code comprising said signal transmitted to said centralcontrol facility.

Preferably, each said at least one external event sensor is associatedwith a unique sequence of repeat transmissions of said uniqueidentification code; said unique sequence of repeat transmissionscomprising said signal transmitted to said central control facility.

Preferably, of each said individual signal units is provided with atleast one external event sensor.

Preferably, said at least one external event sensor is adapted torespond to a change in stimulus of said sensor.

Preferably, said at least one external event sensor is adapted torespond to a predefined stimulus.

Preferably, a said individual signal unit receives an input signal fromsaid at least one external event sensor at said change in stimulus.

Preferably, said central control facility includes a transceiver modulein communication with said communication network.

Preferably, said transceiver module is linked to server and data storagedevices; said server and data storage devices adapted to process signalsreceived from any one of said individual signal units.

Preferably, said server and data storage devices are adapted to initiateat least one pre-programmed output-a; said output or outputs dependenton said unique identification code.

Preferably, a said individual signal unit is provided with at least oneinput; said at least one input adapted to communicate with one saidsensor.

Preferably, a said individual signal unit is provided with at least oneoutput; said at least one output adapted to control an external device.

Preferably, said server and data storage devices are adapted to initiatepredetermined communications to at least one nominated recipient; saidcommunications dependent on a signal received from a said individualsignal unit.

Preferably, said at least one nominated recipient is an owner of a saidindividual signal unit registered with said monitoring system.

Preferably, said at least one nominated recipient is a service providernominated by said owner of a said individual signal unit.

In a further broad form of the invention, there is provided anindividual signal unit; each said individual signal unit including;

-   -   (e) a transceiver module,    -   (f) a rechargeable power supply and power control module,    -   (g) a logic circuit,    -   (h) at least one external event sensor,    -   and wherein a signal from a said individual signal unit to a        central control facility causes said central control facility to        execute a number of predefined steps; said predefined steps        configured by an owner of said individual signal unit.

In another broad form of the invention, there is provided a monitoringsystem; said apparatus comprising an individual signal unit and at leastone owner selectable sensor connected to said individual signal unit;said individual signal unit and said at least one sensor registered bysaid user with a central control facility; wherein said individualsignal unit is programmed to transmit a unique device identificationcode to said central control facility when said at least one sensordetects an incident; said central control facility responding to atransmitted said unique device identification code according toprotocols established at registration of said unit by said owner.

In yet a further broad form of the invention, there is provided amonitoring system enabled by the internet and a communication system;said system including a number of individual signal units; each of saiddevices connected to at least one owner selectable sensor; each of saidindividual signal units and said at least one sensor registered with acentral control facility by said owner over said internet; said centralcontrol facility responding to an incident sensed by a said sensoraccording to protocols established at registration by a said owner.

In yet a further broad form of the invention, there is provided a methodof monitoring the status of an item of interest; said method includingthe steps of:

-   -   (i) purchase by an owner of an individual signal unit and at        least one user selectable sensor for connection to said device,    -   (j) registering said individual signal unit and said at least        one sensor with a central control facility,    -   (k) configuring a response executable by said central control        facility on receipt by said facility of a signal transmitted by        said individual signal unit.    -   Preferably, said signal comprises a unique identifying code of        said individual signal unit.    -   Preferably, said registering of a said individual signal unit        includes the steps of:    -   (l) accessing a web site maintained by said central control        facility,    -   (m) establishing a user name and password with said central        control facility,    -   (n) entering into said web site a registration code of said        individual signal unit,    -   (o) entering a user selected identifier name for said individual        signal unit,    -   (p) entering details of one or more sensors to be connected to        said individual signal unit,    -   (q) entering details of said response executable by said central        control facility.    -   In another broad form of the invention, there is provided a        method for monitoring the status of at least one aspect of        geographically disparate items of infrastructure; said method        including the steps of:    -   (r) installing an individual signal unit at each of said items        of infrastructure,    -   (s) providing said individual signal unit with at least one        external event sensor and a signal transceiver,    -   (t) linking said individual signal unit with a central control        facility via a communication network,    -   (u) providing said central control facility with server and data        storage devices; said devices adapted to execute pre-programmed        responses to a signal received from a said individual signalling        device.

In a further broad from of the invention there is provided a system formonitoring and control of external sensors and output devices,comprising:

-   -   one or more servers, configured to:    -   communicate over a Wide Area Network with at least one local        signaling device;    -   register said signaling device to utilize functions provided by        one or more third party output devices or external event sensors        coupled to, or operating on the same Local Area Network as, said        local signaling device, said third party output devices or        external event sensors selectable by a registering entity from a        plurality of third party output devices or external event        sensors,    -   said registration comprising configuring, at least in part,        through user data entry into a web-based interface, a set of        predefined steps to be taken by said one or more servers in        connection with said third party-provided functions;    -   receive a signal from said signaling device; and    -   in response to receiving said signal, execute at least some of        said predefined steps, wherein said execution includes        communicating instructions to said one or more third party        output devices.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to perform at least oneaction.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to activate at least onefeature of said third party output device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to deactivate at least onefeature of said third party output device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to cause audio signals to beemitted from said third party output device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to lock or unlock a device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises transmitting instructions through saidindividual signal unit.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises transmitting instructions other thanthrough said individual signal unit.

In a further broad form of the invention there is provided a system formonitoring and control of external sensors and output devices,comprising:

-   -   one or more servers, configured to:    -   communicate over a Wide Area Network with at least one local        signaling device;    -   register said signaling device to utilize functions provided by        one or more third party output devices or external event sensors        coupled to, or operating on the same Local Area Network as, said        local signaling device, said third party output devices or        external event sensors selectable by a registering entity from a        plurality of third party output devices or external event        sensors,    -   said registration comprising configuring, at least in part,        through user data entry into a web-based interface, a set of        predefined steps to be taken by said one or more servers in        connection with said third party-provided functions;    -   receive a signal from said signaling device; and    -   in response to receiving said signal, execute at least some of        said predefined steps, wherein said execution includes        communicating to one or more users, as configured by user data        entry into said web based interface, in response to events        sensed by any one of said external event sensors.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises sending anemail to said one or more users.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises sending apush notification to a mobile device of said one or more users.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises sending atext message to a mobile device of said one or more users.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises acommunication indicating the time of the event.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises acommunication indicating the nature of a detected event.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises acommunication indicating a status of an item or a system.

In a further broad form of the invention there is provided a system formonitoring and control of external sensors and output devices, saidsystem comprising:

-   -   one or more servers, configured to:    -   communicate over a Wide Area Network with at least one        individual signal unit;    -   register said individual signal unit to utilize functions        provided by one or more third party output devices or external        event sensors coupled to, or operating on the same Local Area        Network as, said individual signal unit, said third party output        devices or external event sensors selectable by a registering        entity from a plurality of third party output devices or        external event sensors,    -   said registering entity configuring, at least in part, through        user data entry into a web-based interface, a set of predefined        steps to be taken by said one or more servers in connection with        said third party-provided functions;    -   receive a signal from said individual signal unit; and    -   in response to receiving said signal, execute at least some of        said predefined steps, wherein said execution includes        communicating instructions to said one or more third party        output devices, and    -   wherein a plurality of other service provider can configure said        individual signal units to complement the products and/or        services of each such other service provider, thereby allowing        centralised global access to consumers via said one or more        servers.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to perform at least oneaction.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to activate at least onefeature of said third party output device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to deactivate at least onefeature of said third party output device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to cause audio signals to beemitted from said third party output device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to lock or unlock a device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises transmitting instructions through anindividual signal unit.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises transmitting instructions other thanthrough an individual signal unit.

In a further broad form of the invention there is provided a system formonitoring and control of external sensors and output devices,comprising:

-   -   one or more servers, configured to:    -   communicate over a Wide Area Network with at least one        individual signal unit;    -   register said individual signal unit to utilize functions        provided by one or more third party output devices or external        event sensors coupled to, or operating on the same said at least        one Local Area Network as said individual signal unit, said        third party output devices or external event sensors selectable        by a registering entity from a plurality of third party output        devices or external event sensors,    -   said one or more servers configured to allow registration by        being configured, at least in part, through user data entry into        a web-based interface, a set of predefined steps to be taken by        said one or more servers in connection with said third party        output devices or external event sensors;    -   receive a signal from said individual signal unit; and    -   in response to receiving said signal, execute at least some of        said predefined steps, wherein said execution includes        communicating to one or more users, as configured by user data        entry into said at least one web based interface, in response to        events sensed by any one of said external event sensors; and    -   wherein the individual signal units are configured to allow at        least one other service provider to configure the individual        signal units to complement the products and/or services of the        at least one other service provider, thereby allowing        centralised global access to consumers via said one of more        servers.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises sending anemail to said one or more users.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises sending apush notification to a mobile device of said one or more users.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises sending atext message to a mobile device of said one or more users.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises acommunication indicating the time of the event.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises acommunication indicating the nature of a detected event.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises acommunication indicating a status of an item or a system.

In a further broad form of the invention there is provided an individualsignal unit, said individual signal unit comprising:

(a) a transceiver module,(b) a power supply and power control module,(c) a logic circuit, and(d) at least one internal sensor;(e) logic to register said individual signal unit with one or moreremote servers accessible via a Wide Area Network to utilize functionsprovided by one or more third party output devices or external eventsensors, said third party output devices or external event sensorsselectable from a plurality of third party output devices or externalevent sensors;

-   -   said registration including configuration of a set of protocols        for such utilization, and said registration effected, at least        in part, through user data entry into a web-based interface to        said one or more remote servers;    -   wherein said third party output devices or external event        sensors are one of: directly connected to said individual signal        unit; operating on the same Local Area Network as said        individual signal unit; or connected to another device directly        connected to, or operating on the same Local Area Network as        said individual signal unit;    -   and wherein said individual signal unit is configured to:    -   detect an event from said internal or external event sensors;    -   send a signal to said one or more remote servers to cause said        one or more remote servers to execute a number of predefined        steps in response to said signal; and    -   wherein said predefined steps include communicating to one or        more users, as configured by user data entry into said web based        interface, in response to events sensed by any one of said        internal or external event sensors.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises sending anemail to said one or more users.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises sending apush notification to a mobile device of said one or more users.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises sending atext message to a mobile device of said one or more users.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises acommunication indicating the time of the event.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises acommunication indicating the nature of a detected event.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises acommunication indicating a status of an item or a system.

In a further broad form of the invention, there is provided anindividual signal unit, said individual signal unit comprising:

(a) a transceiver module,(b) a power supply and power control module,(c) a logic circuit, and(d) at least one internal sensor;(e) logic to register said individual signal unit with one or moreremote servers accessible via a Wide Area Network to utilize functionsprovided by one or more third party output devices or external eventsensors, said third party output devices or external event sensorsselectable from a plurality of third party output devices or externalevent sensors;

-   -   said registration including configuration of a set of protocols        for such utilization, and said registration effected, at least        in part, through user data entry into a web-based interface to        said one or more remote servers;    -   wherein said third party output devices or external event        sensors are one of: directly connected to said individual signal        unit; operating on the same Local Area Network as said        individual signal unit; or connected to another device directly        connected to, or operating on the same Local Area Network as        said individual signal unit;    -   and wherein said individual signal unit is configured to:    -   detect an event from said internal or external event sensors;    -   send a signal to said one or more remote servers to cause said        one or more remote servers to execute a number of predefined        steps in response to said signal; and    -   wherein said predefined steps include communicating instructions        to said one or more third party output devices.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more partyoutput devices comprises instructions to perform at least one action.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more partyoutput devices comprises instructions to activate at least one featureof said third party output device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more partyoutput devices comprises instructions to deactivate at least one featureof said third party output device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more partyoutput devices comprises instructions to cause audio signals to beemitted from said third party output device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more partyoutput devices comprises instructions to lock or unlock a device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more partyoutput devices comprises transmitting instructions through saidindividual signal unit.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more partyoutput devices comprises transmitting instructions other than throughsaid individual signal unit.

In a further broad form of the invention there is provided a method ofcontrolling third party output devices, said method comprising:

-   -   registering, by an individual signal unit comprising a        transceiver module and at least one internal sensor, with one or        more remote servers over a Wide Area Network;    -   connecting, by said individual signal unit, to one or more third        party output devices or external event sensors, said third party        output devices or external event sensors selectable from a        plurality of third party output devices or external event        sensors, or to a Local Area Network to which are also connected        one or more third party output devices or external event        sensors, said third party output devices or external event        sensors selectable from a plurality of third party output        devices or external event sensors;    -   detecting, by said individual signal unit, an event from said        internal sensor or said external event sensors;    -   transmitting, by said individual signal unit, a signal to said        one or more remote servers to cause said one or more remote        servers to execute a number of predefined steps in response to        said signal, said predefined steps configured, at least in part,        through user data entry into a web-based interface maintained by        said central control facility; and wherein said predefined steps        include communicating instructions to said one or more third        party output devices.

Preferably said transmitting causes said one or more remote servers tocommunicate instructions to said one or more third party output devicesto perform at least one action.

Preferably said transmitting causes said one or more remote servers tocommunicate instructions to said one or more third party output devicesto activate at least one feature of said third party output device.

Preferably said transmitting causes said one or more remote servers tocommunicate instructions to said one or more third party output devicesto activate at least one feature of said third party output device.

Preferably said transmitting causes said one or more remote servers tocommunicate instructions to said one or more third party output devicesto cause audio signals to be emitted from said third party outputdevice.

Preferably said transmitting causes said one or more remote servers tocommunicate instructions to said one or more third party output devicesto lock or unlock a device.

In a further broad form of the invention there is provided a system formonitoring and control of external sensors and output devices,comprising:

-   -   one or more servers, configured to:        -   over a Wide Area Network with at least one local signaling            device;    -   register said signaling device to utilize functions provided by        one or more third party output devices or external event sensors        coupled to, or operating on the same Local Area Network as, said        local signaling device, said third party output devices or        external event sensors selectable by a registering entity from a        plurality of third party output devices or external event        sensors,    -   said registration comprising configuring, at least in part,        through user data entry into a web-based interface, a set of        predefined steps to be taken by said one or more servers in        connection with said third party-provided functions;    -   receive a signal from said signaling device; and    -   in response to receiving said signal, execute at least some of        said predefined steps, wherein said execution includes        communicating instructions to said one or more third party        output devices.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to perform at least oneaction.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to activate at least onefeature of said third party output device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to deactivate at least onefeature of said third party output device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to cause audio signals to beemitted from said third party output device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to lock or unlock a device.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises transmitting instructions through saidindividual signal unit.

Preferably said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises transmitting instructions other thanthrough said individual signal unit.

In a further broad form of the invention there is provided a system formonitoring and control of external sensors and output devices,comprising:

-   -   one or more servers, configured to:    -   communicate over a Wide Area Network with at least one local        signaling device;    -   register said signaling device to utilize functions provided by        one or more third party output devices or external event sensors        coupled to, or operating on the same Local Area Network as, said        local signaling device, said third party output devices or        external event sensors selectable by a registering entity from a        plurality of third party output devices or external event        sensors,    -   said registration comprising configuring, at least in part,        through user data entry into a web-based interface, a set of        predefined steps to be taken by said one or more servers in        connection with said third party-provided functions;    -   receive a signal from said signaling device; and    -   in response to receiving said signal, execute at least some of        said predefined steps, wherein said execution includes        communicating to one or more users, as configured by user data        entry into said web based interface, in response to events        sensed by any one of said external event sensors.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises sending anemail to said one or more users.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises sending apush notification to a mobile device of said one or more users.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises sending atext message to a mobile device of said one or more users.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises acommunication indicating the time of the event.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises acommunication indicating the nature of a detected event.

Preferably said communicating to one or more users comprises acommunication indicating a status of an item or a system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described withreference to the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1A, 1B, comprise representations of a preferred arrangement ofcommunication between apparatus and users of a monitoring systemaccording to the invention,

FIG. 2, is a schematic of a preferred embodiment of an individual signalunit (ISU) of the arrangement of FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a preferred enclosure for an individualsignal unit according to the invention,

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the enclosure of FIG. 3showing principle internal components of one embodiment of an individualsignal unit,

FIGS. 5A-5H represent a circuit diagram of an embodiment of anindividual signal unit,

FIGS. 6 to 12 are pages of a possible web site for registering anindividual signal unit with a central control facility,

FIGS. 13 to 16 are further pages of the web site of FIGS. 6 to 12, forconfiguring of an individual signal unit,

FIGS. 17 to 19 are further pages of the web site adapted to allow anowner or authorized person to access data collected by an individualsignal unit,

FIGS. 20A-20H represent a diagram indicating examples of theinterconnectivity of an individual signal unit (ISU) with a variety ofcommunication systems, input devices, the web site of a central controlfacility and of that facility's outputs,

FIGS. 21 to 23 show a variety of applications and functions of an ISUinstalled in a vehicle, including the interfacing of the ISU with theonboard computer of the vehicle,

FIGS. 24 and 25 show two pages of a possible web site for registeringaspects of a vehicle's performance monitoring and servicingarrangements,

FIG. 26 shows the interactions facilitated by means of an in-vehicle ISUfor arranging servicing of the vehicle,

FIG. 27 shows a web page provided by a central control facility forregistration of vehicle service providers who are willing to provideservices to vehicles equipped with an ISU,

FIG. 28 shows an example of revenue streams which may be derived fromvehicle service providers who register with the central controlfacility,

FIG. 29 is a block diagram of communication links between the majorcomponents of a system according to a further embodiment of the presentinvention,

FIGS. 30 to 45 comprise screenshots of a system according to a thirdembodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following detailed description builds on the description given inthe applicant's earlier filed International Patent ApplicationPCT/AU2007/000958. In this instance, the features of note relate to the“community of development” which the basic system as previouslydescribed engenders and in respect of which enabling disclosure isprovided below. From one view the system provides control over assetsvia the Internet irrespective of distances involved and the mobility ofthe controller or the asset and requiring only simple “do-it-yourself”installation. The system is configured by the user via the Internet. Thetools available for configuration by the user can be provided in awiki-style collaboration by a multiplicity of third parties allowing thefeatures available to grow in a collaborative context over time.Specific embodiments of the individual signal units 22 are themselvesprogrammable and re-programmable and configurable and reconfigurable inresponse to the imagination of the users and the tools provided by thecollaborating parties.

First Preferred Embodiment

With reference to FIG. 1A there is shown a reconfigurable,collaboratively expandable monitoring system 200 in accordance with afirst preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this instancethe system comprises components as described with reference to FIG. 1B(see below). The emphasis in this instance revolves around thereconfigurability and collaborative input of the system 200 wherebythird party providers 201 (in this instance, labelled P₁, P₂, P₃ . . .P_(N)) provide respective tools 202 (in this instance, respectivelynominated T₁, T₂, T₃ . . . T_(N)), which tools are available for theuser/owner/nominated recipient 30 of a respective one or more individualsignal units 22 to utilise so as to define steps or actions to occurconsequence to events detected and reported by the individual signalunits 22. The tools 202 are made available to a user 30 preferably via aweb interface screen 203 which will include a tool assembly pane 204where an individual user 30 can assemble a schedule of predefined steps205 (step 1, 2, 3 . . . N) to in response to events 206 (event 1, 2, 3 .. . N). The manner of assembly of the predefined steps is described inmore detail further in this specification. In this way a user 30 of oneor more of the individual signal units 22 can program responses toevents detected by the individual signal units 22 using tools 202selected from an ever-increasing number of tools based on tools suppliedby third party providers 201.

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the apparatus and connectionsincluded in a monitoring system 10 according to a preferred embodimentof the invention. A central control facility 12 includes a dataprocessing server 14 and data storage 16, linked to a transceiver 18.Central control facility 12 is in radio communication with acommunication network such as a mobile phone network, or for example asshown in FIG. 1, with at least one communication satellite 20, by meansof transceiver 18.

In the example of a communication satellite 20, it in turn, is intelecommunication contact with a number of individual signal units 22,for example via the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), theGeneral Packet Radio Service (GPRS) or a similar communication network21. Individual signal units 22 belong to registered users of the systemand may be located anywhere within the signal footprint of acommunication satellite (or satellites) 20, or of some othercommunication network.

Individual signal units 22 each are assigned a unique identifying code,and may take a number of physical configurations depending on theenvironment in which they are to be located. FIG. 3 shows one preferredform of an individual signal unit, comprising enclosure 50 with variousinput and output devices. In some preferred forms at least, they willcomprise a rugged, moisture and tamper-proof outer casing with internalpower supply and a selection of bracketry and other attachment means foraffixing the devices to a variety of structures and surfaces. In otherpreferred forms the device may be incorporated in an item of equipmentat manufacture, for example in the lantern structure of street lights.

The apparatus of a monitoring system may include a number of standardsensor devices available for purchase along with, or in addition to theindividual signal unit 22. Each sensor device is adapted to respond to apredefined stimulus, and may include sensors for power status, smokedetection, motion detection, door or window opening, button press, fluidlevel, tampering, location via the GPS system and video camera, forexample. These standard sensor devices are provided as a simple plug-into the individual signal unit 22, via one of the input connection 64 orUSB port shown in FIG. 4, or other standard interface ports provided onthe device.

An individual signal unit 22 may further be provided with internal errormonitoring facilities, such as a power supply failure. Preferably also,individual signal units 22 are equipped with interference sensors toalert the central control facility 12 of tampering by unauthorisedpersons, or disturbance by animals for example.

Individual signal units 22 in at least one preferred embodiment, areprovided with output relays to activate one or more external devicesaccording to pre-programmed responses to sensor monitored events.Examples may include the activation of audio and/or visual alarms, theswitching on of security lighting, closure of fire doors and so forth.

The power supply and control module 42 is adapted to maintain individualsignal unit 22 in a passive, standby state until receiving a signal froman external event sensor. Such a signal initiates a powering up of thedevice, enabling it to transmit its unique encrypted identifying code tothe central control facility. After transmission of this signal theindividual signal unit powers down and returns to its passive standbystate.

An individual signal unit 20 may also be brought into a powered up stateon command from the central control facility 12. This powering up may befor the purpose of re-programming the individual signal unit 22 toinstall a new response procedure, for example after the installation ofa new, or an additional external event sensor, relocation of the unit,or to modify an existing procedure.

Where an individual signal unit 22 is provided with data entry anddisplay facilities, such programming or re-programming of the unit maybe performed at the device itself. At the conclusion of such local datainput, the new or modified data is transmitted to the central controlfacility to update its responses to any signals received from theindividual signal unit as required.

Referring again to FIG. 1, during a powered up state, as well asfollowing any pre-programmed procedure for the activation of any localconnected devices, individual signal unit 22 will transmit a signal viathe network 21 and a satellite 20, reporting the event to the centralcontrol facility 12.

In a first simplest preferred form of the invention, a signal sent by anindividual signal unit 22 consists solely of its unique encryptedidentifying code. No data is sent with this code. The information as towhat a receipt of this code by the central control facility means, isstored in the central processing computers of the facility. Thisinformation, which is supplied by and under the control of theregistered owner of the individual signal unit, may include instructionsas to what actions are to be taken in response to the signal.

Although in this preferred form of the invention, the individual signalunit 22 is only enabled to transmit a single encrypted identifying code,it may do so in various ways to indicate various events. Each externalevent sensor is associated with a unique sequence of repeattransmissions of said unique identification code. For example if anexternal sensor device is activated, the code may be transmitted apredetermined number of times for that particular sensor at shortintervals. However should an error condition develop in the deviceitself, such as for example a low battery situation, the code may betransmitted singly. The manner of transmission of this single encryptedcode is then the determinant of the status of the device and of whataction should be taken by the central control facility.

According to its pre-programmed instructions, an individual signal unit22 may continue to transmit its signal at intervals for a pre-definedperiod as an aid in location of the device by service personnel alertedby the central control facility 12 as described below.

Again with reference to FIG. 1, a received signal is acted upon by thecentral control facility 12, notifying any of a number of nominatedrecipients 30 according to a pre-established protocol negotiated betweenthe registered user of the individual signal unit 22 and the controlfacility. Notification of details of a monitored event could be made inthe form of an email via the Internet 29 as shown in FIG. 1, byfacsimile transmission or over the distributed network 21 to anypersonal communication device.

Typically, one nominated recipient 30 will be the registered user orowner of the individual signal unit from which the alerting signal wasreceived. However nominated recipients may also include serviceproviders, who are automatically notified of the occurrence and thenature of the event, the location of the individual signal unit and anyother pre-defined details. Service providers may include police, fireand ambulance services, or equipment servicing personnel for example. Atregistration of an individual signal unit, the owner of the unit mayelect that third parties be contacted only on receipt by the centralcontrol facility of authorisation from the owner.

An applicant user or owner will be required to supply all relevantdetails of the individual signal unit, its external event sensingfaculties, intended location and the procedures to be implemented onreceipt of a signal from the device. The central control facility thenissues the unique identification code for the individual signal unit.Alternatively, an individual signal unit may be pre-programmed atmanufacture with its unique identifying code. As well, the applicantuser or owner nominates a service provider of the GSM, GPRS or othercommunication system, for billing purposes, or alternatively, thecentral control facility makes this arrangement, with billing for suchservice included in the overall charge for use of the system.

The information thus received is used by the central control facility toprogram the procedure to be followed by the facility in response tosignals received from the individual signal unit. The facility may alsotransmit data to the individual signal unit prior to its commissioningbut subsequent to its installation at the infrastructure item, to setthe parameters of signal transmission, such as frequency and interval ofrepeat transmissions for example.

With reference to FIG. 4 which shows an exploded view of one preferredform of an individual signal unit 22, enclosure 50 comprises a baseportion 52 and cover portion 54. Housed within enclosure 50 are acommunication module 56, for example using the General Packet RadioService (GPRS) standard for communication with a communication network,and antenna jack 58. Also contained within enclosure 50 is arechargeable battery module 60, and various input and outputconnections, including power input/outputs 62, sensor inputs 64, devicerelay connections 66 and a universal serial bus (USB port) 68.Individual signal unit 22 may also be provided with status indicatinglight emitting diodes (LEDs) 70. Enclosure 50 is provided with a space,for example space 72 on cover 54, for display of a code used in theregistration of the unit with the central control facility.

Each individual signal unit 22 is adapted to monitor the status of someaspect of an item of infrastructure, such as for example illustrated inFIG. 1, a gate 22, irrigation control sluice 24 or tool shed 26.

As shown in the schematic of FIG. 2, individual signal units 22 includeat least a transceiver module 40, a rechargeable power supply and powercontrol module 42, at least one external event sensor 44 and a logiccircuit 46. For some applications, an individual signal unit may beprovided with, or connected to, a magnetic card reader, enablinginspecting personnel to simply swipe an authorising card as confirmationthat the individual signal unit is in its proper position andfunctioning, or that some predefined task has been accomplished.

Preferably, the power supply 42 is rechargeable by means of a solarpanel 48, but may also comprise batteries rechargeable from a mainspower source, or replaceable battery packs. Where an individual signalunit has been incorporated in some item of infrastructure alreadyprovided with a power supply, such as in the street light example, powerto the unit may be provided from that external supply.

An individual signal unit 22 may be provided with at least one externalevent sensor 44 incorporated within the device itself, but individualsignal units 22 are more preferably provided with a sensor interfaceallowing the unit to accept signals from a number of external eventsensors connected to the interface. Thus for example, an individualsignal unit 22 may monitor a number of aspects of a remotely locatedfacility, such as the doors and windows of a building or various itemsof equipment located on a service vehicle.

With reference to FIG. 5, the ISU may include the following components.

GSM Engine 74.

This is the central core of the device. It includes a GSM transceiverallowing the module to connect to and communicate over the GSM network.The transceiver also makes use of the GPRS capability of the GSM networkto connect to a server of the central control facility using IP sockets.The GSM engine also includes a basic Python script interpreter to runapplication scripts (software) and a battery charger 75 to allowing thecharging of a Lilon battery pack (connected via J5 on the circuitdiagram of FIG. 5).

The application scripts (software) loaded into the GSM engine 74 allowthe module to monitor the external sensors and devices connected to theISU device and generate messages over the GPRS network to the centralcontrol facility server whenever there is a change in the status ofthese external sensors or devices. The typical operation will be for theGSM engine to connect to a known IP socket on a server at a known IPaddress. The message passed to the server via this connection willinclude the identification of the ISU device (typically the ‘phonenumber associated with the SIM card) and the details of the input statuschange.

The GSM engine has a push button switch (S1 on the circuit diagram ofFIG. 5) which allows the GSM engine to be turned on and off.

Network Status Indicator (D1 on Circuit Diagram)

An LED (light emitting diode) is provided to give an indication of thestatus of the ISU device. When the LED is permanently off, the device ispowered down. When the LED is blinking quickly (approximately 1 secondperiod), the GSM engine is searching for the GSM network and attemptingto register itself with the network. When the LED is blinking slowly(approximately 3 second period), the GSM engine has registered itselfwith the GSM network and is in a state that will allow it to make aconnection with a server should one of the inputs change state. When theLED is permanently on, there is an active call being made by the device.

Battery Status Indicator (D6 on the Circuit Diagram)

A visible indication of the charge status of the battery is providedusing an LED (light emitting diode).

USB Connection (J3 on the Circuit Diagram)

The ISU device has a USB connection to allow the module to be connectedto a Personal Computer. This connection allows the application scripts(software) to be updated in the GSM Engine. Power is also drawn from thePersonal Computer to recharge the Lilon battery. The power for the USBinterface device (U6 on the circuit diagram) is taken from the USBconnector. This minimises the current drawn from the Lilon battery toextend the operational time between charges. Interface components (U4and U5 on the circuit diagram) isolate the connections between the USBdevice and the GSM engine when either the USB port is disconnected (USBdevice powered down) or the GSM engine has been turned off.

A protection device (U7 on the circuit diagram) has been included on theUSB port to protect the USB device from electrostatic discharge onto thepins of the USB connector.

External Sensor Inputs (IN1-4 Signals on the Circuit Diagram)

The prototype ISU device implements 4 external sensor inputs. Theseconnections are available on a dedicated input connector (J2 on thecircuit diagram) and on the special attachment connector (J4 on thecircuit diagram). These inputs have been configured to allow externalsensors to simply connect these input signals to a 0 Volt return signal(available on both connectors) using a relay contact closure. This isthe typical output from a wide range of sensors. An interface component(U3 on the circuit diagram) is provided to isolate the input signalsfrom the GSM engine when the GSM engine has been turned off. There arealso some protection devices (D2-5 on the circuit diagram) to protectthe inputs of the interface component from electrostatic discharge ontothe pins of the connectors.

Controlled Outputs (OUT1 and OUT2 Signals on the Circuit Diagram)

The prototype ISU device implements 2 controlled outputs. These outputsallow external devices to be switched by the ISU device. These outputsare implemented using transistors Q1 and Q2. The connections to externaldevices can be made either by the dedicated output connector (J1 on thecircuit diagram) or the special attachment connector (J4 on the circuitdiagram).

Special Attachment Connector (J4 on the Circuit Diagram)

A special attachment connector has been provided on the ISU device toallow it to be plugged into purpose built sensors. These sensors will beengineered to accommodate the ISU device and all of the requiredconnections between the two devices are made through the singleattachment connector. This connector supports attachments that areself-powered and are capable of providing current to recharge thebattery in the ISU, as well as attachments that do not have their ownpower supply and require current from the ISU device's battery tooperate.

The apparatus of a monitoring system may include a number of standardsensor devices available for purchase along with, or in addition to theindividual signal unit 22. Each sensor device is adapted to respond to apredefined stimulus, and may include sensors for power status, smokedetection, motion detection, door or window opening, button press, fluidlevel, tampering, location via the GPS system and video camera, forexample. These standard sensor devices are provided as a simple plug-into the individual signal unit 22, via one of the input connection 64 orUSB port shown in FIG. 4, or other standard interface ports provided onthe device.

An individual signal unit 22 may further be provided with internal errormonitoring facilities, such as a power supply failure. Preferably also,individual signal units 22 are equipped with interference sensors toalert the central control facility 12 of tampering by unauthorisedpersons, or disturbance by animals for example.

Individual signal units 22 in at least one preferred embodiment, areprovided with output relays to activate one or more external devicesaccording to pre-programmed responses to sensor monitored events.Examples may include the activation of audio and/or visual alarms, theswitching on of security lighting, closure of fire doors and so forth.

The power supply and control module 42 is adapted to maintain individualsignal unit 22 in a passive, standby state until receiving a signal froman external event sensor. Such a signal initiates a powering up of thedevice, enabling it to transmit its unique encrypted identifying code tothe central control facility. After transmission of this signal theindividual signal unit powers down and returns to its passive standbystate.

An individual signal unit 20 may also be brought into a powered up stateon command from the central control facility 12. This powering up may befor the purpose of re-programming the individual signal unit 22 toinstall a new response procedure, for example after the installation ofa new, or an additional external event sensor, relocation of the unit,or to modify an existing procedure.

Where an individual signal unit 22 is provided with data entry anddisplay facilities, such programming or re-programming of the unit maybe performed at the device itself. At the conclusion of such local datainput, the new or modified data is transmitted to the central controlfacility to update its responses to any signals received from theindividual signal unit as required.

Referring again to FIG. 1, during a powered up state, as well asfollowing any pre-programmed procedure for the activation of any localconnected devices, individual signal unit 22 will transmit a signal viathe network 21 and a satellite 20, reporting the event to the centralcontrol facility 12.

In a first simplest preferred form of the invention, a signal sent by anindividual signal unit 22 consists solely of its unique encryptedidentifying code. No data is sent with this code. The information as towhat a receipt of this code by the central control facility means, isstored in the central processing computers of the facility. Thisinformation, which is supplied by and under the control of theregistered owner of the individual signal unit, may include instructionsas to what actions are to be taken in response to the signal.

Although in this preferred form of the invention, the individual signalunit 22 is only enabled to transmit a single encrypted identifying code,it may do so in various ways to indicate various events. Each externalevent sensor is associated with a unique sequence of repeattransmissions of said unique identification code. For example if anexternal sensor device is activated, the code may be transmitted apredetermined number of times for that particular sensor at shortintervals. However should an error condition develop in the deviceitself, such as for example a low battery situation, the code may betransmitted singly. The manner of transmission of this single encryptedcode is then the determinant of the status of the device and of whataction should be taken by the central control facility.

According to its pre-programmed instructions, an individual signal unit22 may continue to transmit its signal at intervals for a pre-definedperiod as an aid in location of the device by service personnel alertedby the central control facility 12 as described below.

Again with reference to FIG. 1, a received signal is acted upon by thecentral control facility 12, notifying any of a number of nominatedrecipients 30 according to a pre-established protocol negotiated betweenthe registered user of the individual signal unit 22 and the controlfacility. Notification of details of a monitored event could be made inthe form of an email via the Internet 29 as shown in FIG. 1, byfacsimile transmission or over the distributed network 21 to anypersonal communication device.

Typically, one nominated recipient 30 will be the registered user orowner of the individual signal unit from which the alerting signal wasreceived. However nominated recipients may also include serviceproviders, who are automatically notified of the occurrence and thenature of the event, the location of the individual signal unit and anyother pre-defined details. Service providers may include police, fireand ambulance services, or equipment servicing personnel for example. Atregistration of an individual signal unit, the owner of the unit mayelect that third parties be contacted only on receipt by the centralcontrol facility of authorisation from the owner.

An applicant user or owner will be required to supply all relevantdetails of the individual signal unit, its external event sensingfaculties, intended location and the procedures to be implemented onreceipt of a signal from the device. The central control facility thenissues the unique identification code for the individual signal unit.Alternatively, an individual signal unit may be pre-programmed atmanufacture with its unique identifying code. As well, the applicantuser or owner nominates a service provider of the GSM, GPRS or othercommunication system, for billing purposes, or alternatively, thecentral control facility makes this arrangement, with billing for suchservice included in the overall charge for use of the system.

The information thus received is used by the central control facility toprogram the procedure to be followed by the facility in response tosignals received from the individual signal unit. The facility may alsotransmit data to the individual signal unit prior to its commissioningbut subsequent to its installation at the infrastructure item, to setthe parameters of signal transmission, such as frequency and interval ofrepeat transmissions for example.

Second Preferred Embodiment

In a second preferred embodiment, the individual signal unit of thepresent invention again includes at least a transceiver module 40, arechargeable power supply and power control module 42, and at least oneexternal event sensor 44 and a logic circuit 46 as shown in FIG. 1. Inthis embodiment however, the unit may further be provided with a datastorage device able to record analogue or digital input from a deviceconnected to the individual signal unit.

In this embodiment also, the unit is not restricted in its transmissionto the central control facility of it unique identifying code but isenabled to transmit the input analogue or digital data, either in realtime, or retrieved from its data storage device at predetermined timesor on command form the central control facility.

Thus in this form, the individual signalling unit may have attached asan input device such equipment as a video camera, sound recordingequipment or a Global Positioning System (GPS) module for example. Theconnection of a GPS module allows the individual signal unit to reportits location, either continuously, at predetermined intervals or oncommand from the central control facility. Similarly, a video camera maysend images on a continuous basis, at predetermined intervals or ascommanded. Alternatively, data from a camera, GPS module etc may bestored in the data storage device (if so provided) of the individualsignal unit for later interrogation and download to the central controlfacility.

In either of the above described preferred embodiments, an individualsignal unit may be provided with an on/of facility adapted for localactivation. That is a facility whereby a registered user or otherauthorised person can switch the unit between power off and standby formonitoring. This facility may be a Radio Frequency (RF) responder unit,either incorporated in the individual signal unit itself, or as aconnected input device.

Connectivity

The flexibility of the individual signal unit (ISU) in the many ways itcan be interfaced with other devices is illustrated in FIGS. 20A to 20D.In its simplest form as illustrated in FIG. 20A, some sensing device,for example a motion detector 140 is connected to an ISU 142 via astandard input/output (I/O) connector 144 provided on the ISU. In thisinstance the ISU 142 has been configured to send a signal, whenactivated by input from the motion sensor, via a GSM network 146 to thecentral control facility (represented in these figures by its web site148). The web site 148 of the central control facility acts on thereceived signal according to pre-configured instructions received fromthe user of the ISU 142. In this example, an SMS message 150 is sent tothe user's mobile phone 152.

As shown in the sequence illustrated by FIG. 20B, the web site 148 ofthe central control facility may communicate with the user 154 of theISU 142 over any one or combination of current or future communicationsystems 156.

Likewise, as shown in FIG. 20C, the ISU 142 and central control facilitymay be configured to send and receive a signal from a sensed event viaany form of signal transmission, and as further illustrated in FIG. 20E,messages to a user or registered owner of an ISU 142 may be transmittedto any type of communication device.

These may include SMS messaging, Internet, voice, facsimiletransmissions, use of the GPRS system, telephone, pagers and satellite.Thus the central control facility may communicate the occurrence of anincident to the user's mobile phone, computer, land-line telephone, andfacsimile machine. As well, the control facility may where appropriatecommunicate with another ISU, programmable logic controller (PLC) ortransfer data to a designated database. Thus, by connecting an outputdevice, for example a PLC, actuator, or motor and the like, to an ISU,the predefined steps or actions to be executed could include theinitiation of processes at the remote location at which the ISU issituated.

Also as shown in FIGS. 20D and 20E, the ISU may be configured with anumber of standard input/output connectors 160, including but notlimited to, USB and RF ports, Infra Red, Wi/Fi, Bluetooth and Fire Wirereceivers for example. Sensors 162 communicating with any one or more ofthese connectors may include, motion detectors, switches, telephone,measuring devices, data sources, programmable logic controllers andother attachments.

Depending on its configurations, the ISU 142 may communicate with theweb site 148 of the central control facility by any of a number ofdistributed communication systems 158. These may include, as shown onFIG. 20E, the GSM or other mobile phone networks, satellite basedsystems, the Internet, wireless broadband, the copper telephone networkand voice.

In addition to these communication systems being used to send messagesor other forms of communication to the user or registered owner of theISU, the central control facility may use the same systems forcommunication with other service providers 162 as shown in FIG. 20F.Using tracking systems available via the GSM network, an ISU's signalcan be used to determine its location as indicated schematically in FIG.20G.

FIG. 20H shows still a further example of how the connectivity of theISU with sensing equipment may be utilized. Sensors 162 associated withan advertising board may monitor for temperature, crowd sizes or otherparameters associated with advertising effectiveness. Based on thesemeasurements and in accordance with the ISU user's configuredinstructions, the ISU may provide the most appropriate advertisinginformation, thereby enabling premium charges.

Some further features of the monitoring system according to theinvention include:

-   -   the ISU and server are programmable and can support a wide range        of inputs.    -   The ISU is not restricted to the above described inputs and        outputs. Additional or alternative inputs and outputs can be        readily added to the design.    -   The ISU can support a variety of transport mechanisms including        CDMA, 3G and satellite depending on what distributed        communication system is available.    -   The message sever of the central control facility is based on        scalable architecture allowing it to be duplicated or upgraded        to support increased traffic in the future.    -   The ISU can support a simple LCD or other graphic display unit,        to provide a user with status information.    -   The ISU can be integrated into products as an OEM (Original        Equipment Manufacturer) module. This may be a user upgradeable        or factory fitted option.

The monitoring system of the present invention lends itself tocommercial exploitation in a number of ways. Some of these may besummarized as:

-   -   Licensing of complete systems developed by others as ISU        certified    -   Retail of ISUs for ad hoc users    -   Inviting existing products and services to join user        configurable web-based systems    -   Additional programming and systems service charges    -   Building custom-designed measurement and control applications    -   Asset monitoring, for example        -   Vehicle care        -   Security        -   Innovative equipment hire options        -   Triangulation        -   Wildlife and stock tracking        -   Scheduling        -   Environmental monitoring    -   Asset control, for example        -   Environmental control local government, national parks,            defence        -   Plant control factories, farms, local government        -   Access control—remote door opening

Revenue may be derived from a number of activities associated with theISU based monitoring system, for example:

-   -   Unit sales—ISUs and attachments    -   Unit rentals    -   Monthly registration fees—ISU network, optional services    -   Network services charges (e.g. SMS, GPRS etc)    -   Development—programming, design    -   Annul license fees for custom or retrofitted applications    -   Access to ISU network fees for other service providers    -   Industry co-operation commissions (e.g. Insurance rebates    -   License fees from monitoring agents (e.g. Callout providers)

With reference now to FIG. 24, with an ISU fitted to a vehicle andinterfaced with the vehicle's onboard computer, the vehicle becomesanother device for which the registered owner of the ISU can configurevarious actions associated with aspects of the vehicle. One category ofconfiguration as shown in FIG. 24 is a listing of preferred or potentialservicing facilities for the vehicle from which quotation may besolicited for servicing or repair. Performance and satisfaction ratingsmay be assigned to these facilities garnered from data collected bythird party assessors and supplied to the central control facility.

A further configurable option shown in FIG. 25, is for the owner ormanager of the vehicle to receive data of performance parameters of thevehicle.

FIG. 26 shows a possible result of a vehicle management configurationusing the ISU in a vehicle to arrange for servicing of the vehicle at apredefined service interval. The ISU, monitoring the vehicle's onboardcomputer, signals the central control facility that the vehicle hasreached the given odometer reading. This activates the central controlfacility to obtain quotations for service and possible dates at whichthe service may be accommodated from the three service nominated by thevehicle's owner at registration.

To provide the above service to purchasers of an ISU for an in-vehicleapplication, the central control facility may establish a database ofservice providers willing to offer services and provide quotations toregistered users of the ISU monitoring system. FIG. 27 shows a web basedpage service providers may use to register, including the provision ofdetails of any specialised services they may wish to nominate.

This aspect of the application of the monitoring system of the inventionprovides for a further revenue stream for the central control facility.An example of a pricing structure for vehicle service providers who wishto promote their services to owners of vehicle based ISUs is shown inFIG. 28.

Componentry

As set out in more detail above, the principle components of the ISUare:

-   -   Network module        -   Processor        -   memory    -   Connectors    -   Power source    -   Within these broad component modules, the ISU may be configured        in various models with varying attributes:    -   Network—interchangeable    -   Connectors—versatility and adaptability focused    -   Capacity—storage, transmission quantity of data    -   Durability—weather proofing, water proofing, shock proofing    -   Power—mains, battery, solar. Achieving long standby periods of 5        years    -   Compact size

As an example of one possible configuration, an ISU could comprise, aGPRS Module GM862; I/O Connector (J4) 2214R-16SG-85; Light Pipe C435815;LED (alarm and network) 0805KRCT; Switch (On/Off) ELTSA-63; USBConnector 5075BMR05SM; 4 Pin Edge Connectors S4B-PH-K-S (output); 8 PinEdge Connectors S8B-PH-K-S (input); Battery Sanyo UF55344F; Arial Coax22-SMA-50-0-53.

Attachments

The ISU may be adapted to accept input from virtually any signalproducing device. Some currently known examples include: motiondetectors, Bluetooth accessories, alarms, detectors and responders.

Other attachable devices include programmable logic controllers, (whichmay for example be programmed to act on vending machines, dispensers androbots), message boards, remote monitoring devices, RF networks andremote control units.

In Use

Individual signal units 22 are added to the monitoring system 10 byregistration with the central control facility 12. Such registration maybe accomplished by an applicant user or owner over an Internet web sitemaintained by the central control facility. Data monitored by anindividual signal unit can only be accessed by the registered owner orby third parties authorised by the owner, through use of a user name andpassword established when a unit is first registered.

The User

A new user of the system may purchase an individual signal unit 22 atany authorised outlet, such as for example a mobile phone retailer. Aswell he or she may select from a range of standard sensor unitscompatible with the individual signal unit also available at theauthorised outlet or obtainable from an accredited supplier. Preferably,the individual signal unit is adapted to accept as input up to fourindividual sensor devices via input connector 64. Thus for example, anindividual signal unit may have connected a motion sensor, a videocamera, a microphone as well as a smoke alarm (not shown).

Preferably also, the individual signal unit 22 is provided with at leasttwo output relays via output connectors 66, to which may be connectedexternal devices such as security lights or audio alarm for example.

To make use of the equipment, a new owner must register with the centralcontrol facility, preferably over an internet web site maintained by thefacility, or by telephone. With reference to FIGS. 6 to 12, the processof registration over the facility web site includes the following steps;

1. After logging onto the web site and selecting the option ofregistering 100 as shown in FIG. 6, the owner enters personal details102 and selects a user name 104 and password 106 for future interactionwith the facility, as shown in FIG. 7.2. At this point also the owner is required to establish an account withthe facility for billing purposes.3. Next, as shown in FIG. 8, the owner is invited to enter theidentification code number 110 of the purchased individual signal unit.This may be provided on the packaging in which the device was purchasedor, preferably printed on a removable sticker attached to the deviceitself, (for example in the space 72 on cover portion 54 as shown inFIG. 4).4. If the device is provided with a display module, a Confirmation Codeis displayed when power is provided to the unit, that is when it isfirst switched on. This number 112 is then also entered as shown in FIG.9.5. For ease of identification, the owner may nominate a briefdescription 114, typically associated with the function or location ofthe signalling unit and its connected sensor/s, as shown in FIG. 10. Fora fixed device, that is one that is not expected to, or which should notmove from its installed location, the geographic location may bespecified at registration, by means of recording the coordinates from aGPS unit.6. The owner is then invited to nominate which sensor unit or units areto be connected to the individual signal unit, either by clicking on anicon 116 as shown in FIG. 11, or from a drop-down menu 120 as shown inFIG. 12.7. When registration formalities have been completed, the owner is giventhe opportunity to configure the individual signal unit; that is toestablish the protocols to be followed by the central control facilityin response to a signal transmitted by the device.8. As shown in FIG. 13, monitoring of the unit may be within specifiedtimes 122 or be continuous. Clearly, where for example a device isinstalled in commercial premises, monitoring for security purposes mayonly be desired outside working hours.9. The inputs of the web site page shown in FIG. 14 allow the owner tospecify some parameters as to the conditions 124 which must obtain foran alert situation to be reported.10. As shown in FIG. 15, the owner may then nominate a message 126 whichis to be sent to the owner in the case an alert situation arises.11. The input web site page of FIG. 16 allows the owner to nominate oneor more ways 128 in which an alert message is to be sent by thefacility. It also allows the owner to nominate a service supplier, forexample a security agency which may be instructed to inspect the site ofinstallation of the individual signal unit. In addition, commands can bespecified to activate any external device/s which may be connected tothe individual signal unit outputs, such as the switching on of asecurity light.

This sequence of steps completes the registration and configuration ofthe individual signal unit, the attached sensor and any output device/sand the response steps to be taken by the central control facility if asignal from the registered individual signal unit is received.

In addition to registration and configuration, the central controlfacility web site may be accessed at any time by the owner (or otherauthorised person) of a registered individual signal unit, by enteringsecurity user name and password, for example. Several options 130 arethen presented to the owner of the individual signal unit as shown inFIG. 17.

One of the available options is the facility of locating an individualsignal unit. When this option is selected, but the individual signalunit is not fitted with a GPS module, the central control facility cancommand the individual signal unit to transmit its unique identifyingcode for a sufficient length of time to enable triangulation of itslocation from three or more stations of the distributed communicationnetwork. This location is then superposed on a map 132 and the map andmarked detected location relayed to the owner of the individual signalunit as shown in FIG. 18.

Another option available to a registered owner is the ability toreconfigure the registered individual signal unit. This may be desirableif the device is to be moved to another location, used for a differentapplication, or sensors added or removed from the device for example.

A third option available to the registered owner, is that of checkingthe current status of the device and its event history. As shown in FIG.19, this information may be displayed to the owner in tabular form. Inthe example shown, this owner has four devices 134 registered with thecentral control facility, and can see at a glance the current status aswell as a record of detected incidents reported by each sensing device.

For example “Toolbox 1”, may be a toolbox fitted with an individualsignal unit, located on an item of earth moving plant left unattended ata work site. The tabulated history shows it has been interfered with atthe time and on the date shown 136. Depending on the pre-programmedprocedure associated with the individual signal unit, the owner orpersonnel responsible for the equipment may be alerted within minutes.Alerting messages may be transmitted via any preferred or multiplemedia, for example by telephone, mobile phone text messages, facsimileor by email.

“Grandma” may be an individual signal unit incorporated in a personalsecurity module in which the sensor is a push button, providing anelderly (or incapacitated) person with a means of alerting someone to adistress situation.

The Commercial User

The individual signal unit of the present invention may be incorporatedat manufacture (or be retro-fitted) to an item of infrastructure orinstrumentation. Individual signal units so incorporated are registeredwith the central control facility in a similar way to that described forthe public user above. In the example given earlier of streetlightfittings, streetlights under the control of a local authority arefitted, preferably at manufacture, with a sensor and individual signalunit. The individual signal unit for each streetlight is assigned aunique encrypted code which is associated with data maintained in thecentral control facility's computers. This data may include the type ofbulb fitted and the location of the particular streetlight. The data mayfurther include an instruction set as to what action to take when anencrypted code signal is received by the control facility. This couldinclude a message to the maintenance department and even a requisitionon a supplier of the required bulb so that a check of bulb stock andpossible resupply will automatically follow.

Similarly, smoke alarms may incorporate an individual signal unit, withthe smoke detector circuit providing an input to the signalling unitwhen smoke is detected. In this example power for the signalling unitmay be provided in common with the smoke detector power supply.

In another example, individual signal units may be incorporated inparking meters, with sensing for example of coin full, out of paper ortampering conditions.

In a further example, as alluded to above, individual signal unitsprovided with magnetic card readers as input attachments may beincorporated or attached at a number of locations within or on theoutside of various buildings. Security personnel or cleaners may thenswipe an appropriate card through the reader to trigger a signal to thecentral control facility, which then forwards notification to anappropriate nominated recipient that the building is secure or has beencleaned.

An individual signal unit may be installed in plant and commercialvehicles, monitoring for example power up and power down of an engine soas to track duty cycles, servicing intervals and improper use forexample. In this example, the owner of the plant or vehicle can accessthe central control facility and obtain a record of the times the plantwas in operation and log the hours of service.

In yet a further example, individual signal units with appropriatesensors may be located along rivers and streams to give early warning ofchanges in water levels.

Other areas of use include the monitoring of vending machines as tostatus of stock and tampering for example. Items of utilityinfrastructure, such as water and gas supply equipment also may beconveniently monitored for usage and error conditions.

In at least one embodiment of the invention, the action taken by thecontrol facility may be predicated on a secondary layer of instructionsreceived from the owner of the individual signal unit and the sensor orsensors attached to it. For example, the registration of the unit mayinclude a number of optional actions for the control facility toimplement after a first notification to the owner (or an authorizedrecipient designated by the registered owner) of an event.

For example, where the individual signal unit is monitoring the securityof a site office or container at a building site, the possible actionsto be taken by the central control facility may include:

-   -   1. to ignore    -   2. to call a contracted security firm    -   3. to call the site foreman    -   4. to call a neighbour    -   5. to call the police

The primary instructions on record at the control facility to befollowed on receipt of a signal from the individual signal unitinstalled at the building site, is to send an SMS message to the owneror authorized recipient. He or she may respond for example with “34”.The control facility will then carry out actions 3 and 4 of the possibleactions of the secondary layer of instructions by notifying the siteforeman (3) and the neighbour (4) of the event.

In a further example of use, as summarised in FIGS. 21 to 23, the ISUmay be interfaced with the management computer of a private orcommercial vehicle. This allows the management of many aspects of thevehicle, its running costs, performance as will as the scheduling ofservicing and even the acquisition of service availability andquotations for service.

This application of the ISU is of particular use for operators of hirecars for example with an ISU as described above to provide any of thedata transferable from a car's onboard computer. These may include thestatus of the vehicle's door locks at any given time, for example toindicate if it has been left unlocked while not in use.

In the case of loss of keys of any vehicle, the ISU could be instructedto lock and keep locked the doors of the vehicle until this command wasreversed.

An in-vehicle ISU could be used to augment the entertainment system ofthe vehicle by accessing the internet via wireless broadband fordownloading music and videos, accessing a remote computer and using theinternet for surfing.

Still with reference to FIG. 22, the addition of suitable devices to theISU could allow the remote immobilisation of a stolen vehicle, andactivate various alarm and indicators that a the vehicle is beinginterfered with.

Information extracted from the vehicle's onboard computer, if relayed toa designated repair centre when the vehicle suffers malfunction at someremote location, could be used by the repair centre to issueinstructions for repairs.

FIG. 23 provides an overview of potential uses of an ISU installed in avehicle and the actions which may follow on from the monitoring of thestatus, or measurement of various parameters associated with thevehicle's use and its equipment.

It will be appreciated that the individual signal unit and monitoringsystem described above provides an extremely flexible and effective wayof disseminating an alert of an alarm generated by any of a range ofevents at widely dispersed locations to owners of the device and/orthose service providers best able to deal effectively with the cause ofthe alarm, and allows a unit owner to specify the circumstances underwhich the owner is to be contacted actions taken.

The system provides:

-   -   Global machine to machine communication    -   Distance independence    -   Location independence    -   Mobility independence    -   5 minute DIY installation    -   An extraordinary number of marketable products.    -   The individual signal unit (ISU) system of the present invention        provides a missing link people products and services.        -   With unlimited scope and versatility the ISU platform can            receive information via any network and initiate a            user-configured chain of events, anywhere in the world to            any one.        -   It is capable of bringing world-wide products and services            to a centralised system for multiple uses and applications.        -   The small compact ISU (similar in size and appearance of a            small MP3 player may be adapted to access advanced            programming and resources with little or no setup.

Data Flow

With reference to FIG. 29 the data flow for the reconfigurable,collaboratively expandable monitoring system 200 is described in blockdiagram form. Like components are numbered as for earlier embodimentsexcept in the 200 series. For example, central control facility 12becomes central control facility 212 comprising a main server anddatabase. In this instance the main server and database 212 are inbidirectional communication with one or more individual signal units222. The main server and database 212 are also in bidirectionalcommunication with the third party tool source 201. In addition, mainserver and database 212 are also in bidirectional communication with auser computer 230. In use, main server and database 212 is loaded with aplurality of tools 202, at least some of which are supplied overbidirectional tool link 280. Specified ones of the tools 202 areselected and set to trigger in response to event data supplied over ISUbidirectional link 281. The selection of tools and programming of toolsto respond to event data transmitted from bidirectional link 281 isprovided by control data input from user computer 230 and transmitted onuser bidirectional link 282 to the main server and database 212.Bidirectional link 281 is also utilised to send data from main serverand database 212 to the individual signal unit 222 for the purposes ofreprogramming and amending its local capabilities.

As events occur, the main server and database 212 responds to the eventdata transmitted over bidirectional link 281 in accordance with theevent response sequence programmed via control data previously suppliedvia bidirectional link 282. At least some of the responses resulting mayresult in data being transferred over bidirectional link 280 to the toolsource 201.

Third Embodiment

With reference to FIGS. 30, 31, 32 that is illustrated screenshotsdefining a third embodiment of the present application for whichincorporates the data flow characteristics of FIG. 29. The scenariosthat this data flow capability provides include the following:

Third Party Tool Sources

A third party can provide a pre-prepared tool, for example based on ahome security package. The package can be accessed as a link on the webaccessible menu whereby a visitor can cite and purchase the “homesecurity package” which will result in delivery of one or more ISU unitsas part of the package for installation by the user (or expertinstallation by an additional third party). Any security events reportedby the ISU units, once installed, can then be pre-configured either bythe user or by the third party tool provider. In preferred forms, someaspects will be able to be configured by the user whilst other aspectswill be configured by the tool provider. For example, the tool providermight mandate that in the event of an intrusional the event a specifictelephone number is rung or other specific notification of event is madewhich links in with a security provider mandated by the third party toolprovider.

A further capability which arises from the third party tool provisionwhich, in turn, in response to specific events, raises the need for afurther service provision relates to the opening up of a market toprovide that flow on or consequential service. So, for example, at firstinstance, the third party tool provider may offer a particular flow onor consequential service provider. However the web accessible databasecan accommodate other service providers bidding to fulfil the relevantflow on service. This might, for example, be as simple as the provisionof a security guard to be called out to the site when an intrusion eventis detected by the ISU and reported to the database. Such flow onsecurity services may be provided either directly by the third partytool provider or by an alternative “freelance” service provider who maybe able to provide the service at a cheaper rate. The possibility isalso open that the freelance service provider is in fact engaged by thethird party tool provider in substitute for the in-house securityservice flow on provider normally used because the “freelance” providercan provide the service openly at a cheaper rate, resulting in benefitboth to the user of the ISU and also the third party tool provider.

Events Monitored by Database

Earlier embodiments envisaged the user who performs the programming ofevent sequencing also being the person who monitors the occurrences ofevents. However, a user of an ISU may elect a “premium service” wherebyprogramming of responses to events is performed by the database systemitself rather than by the user who purchased the ISU. In its simplestform this can be again performed by the purchasing of predefinedpackages as illustrated in the screenshots. For example, a user mayelect to purchase a car monitoring package. At the “premium service”level the package, once purchased would result in delivery of one ormore ISU units for installation in the vehicle which the user couldeither perform themselves or arrange for expert assistance. Theresponses to any events generated by the ISU in the vehicle can bedesigned by the database which, in many scenarios, will in fact be adefinition provided by a third party tool provider. As for the scenarioprovided immediately above, the flow on consequential services (forexample, replacing a flat battery in a vehicle or a punctured tyre) canbe provided “in-house” by the third party tool provider or could, inturn, be sold to the most cost-effective “freelance” provider.

Freelance Providers

The above described system allows the possibility for freelance serviceproviders to provide, in particular but not exclusively, one of thetermed above flow on services. The freelance service providers mayregister on the website of the database. They may pay for positioning inorder to have a better chance of being engaged to provide their serviceseither directly by the users of the ISUs or by the third party toolproviders.

Profile Export

A particular user profile, for example, associated in a particularpackage, can be exported to a new user whereby, the new user will becomethe entity to whom events are reported and who can program or reprogramthe event responses.

Advertising Placement

The website of FIGS. 30 to 45 also illustrates the possibility of thethird party tool providers actually advertising in association with thetool provision. So, for example, a third party tool provider, forexample a provider of insurance, might advertise that its insurancerates will be halved if a user purchases and installs a security ISU(either directly themselves or via one of the predefined packages). Inexchange the tool provider gets access to client data and the ability toprogram or reprogram the ISU at least in part in order to define andchannel services and, particularly, cost-effective services to eventsflagged by the ISU. (FIG. 20H of previous embodiments emphasises thecontrol signal flow available under this scenario).

The ISU site shows solution fields which are a start to defining theversatility of the users requirements. This is defined by either view ofthe site sections or searching for an item. All products are defined bythe search item and the advertising and third parties are linked to theapplications searched.

In each field there will be multiple bundles that are a pre configuredoptions which will allow the user to plug and play with no setup.

Each option will have the associated third party providers linked anddifferent level of services and functionality available to both the userand the third party.

The user will select their application and drop into their cart orprofile page and through registration can either plug and play orreconfigure the device having total control or providing third partyproviders with the control they require.

The search field will define the packages suitable to the person linkingthe relevant local providers to the new ISU application and to thepotential business opportunities created by the new data available.

The user will define the content and structure of their own page to suittheir applications either in a business or personality defined way. Thesite will cater as self designed or via a existing third partymethodologies and allow third party influencing.

The registration will define the users information and preferences totheir ISU solution.

With multiple levels of user interaction and third party involvement theconfigurability will allow a sharing type system so that tasks can beeasily shared or allocated and groups/solutions to be created. The userconcept of community development starts here, providing a core fromwhich opportunities are created having imagination as the only limit.

The user configure page and the solution developer allow individuals tocreate new applications with the help from ISU programmers as well asprovide a platform for which programmers can developer applications forthe ISU site.

The above describes only some embodiments of the present invention andmodifications, obvious to those skilled in the art, can be made theretowithout departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

1. A system for monitoring and control of external sensors and outputdevices, comprising: one or more servers, configured to: communicateover a Wide Area Network with at least one local signaling device;register said signaling device to utilize functions provided by one ormore third party output devices or external event sensors coupled to, oroperating on the same Local Area Network as, said local signalingdevice, said third party output devices or external event sensorsselectable by a registering entity from a plurality of third partyoutput devices or external event sensors, said registration comprisingconfiguring, at least in part, through user data entry into a web-basedinterface, a set of predefined steps to be taken by said one or moreservers in connection with said third party-provided functions; receivea signal from said signaling device; and in response to receiving saidsignal, execute at least some of said predefined steps, wherein saidexecution includes communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices.
 2. The system for monitoring and control ofexternal sensors and output devices of claim 1, wherein saidcommunicating instructions to said one or more third party outputdevices comprises instructions to perform at least one action.
 3. Thesystem for monitoring and control of external sensors and output devicesof claim 1, wherein said communicating instructions to said one or morethird party output devices comprises instructions to activate at leastone feature of said third party output device.
 4. The system formonitoring and control of external sensors and output devices of claim1, wherein said communicating instructions to said one or more thirdparty output devices comprises instructions to deactivate at least onefeature of said third party output device.
 5. The system for monitoringand control of external sensors and output devices of claim 1, whereinsaid communicating instructions to said one or more third party outputdevices comprises instructions to cause audio signals to be emitted fromsaid third party output device.
 6. The system for monitoring and controlof external sensors and output devices of claim 1, wherein saidcommunicating instructions to said one or more third party outputdevices comprises instructions to lock or unlock a device.
 7. The systemfor monitoring and control of external sensors and output devices ofclaim 1, wherein said communicating instructions to said one or morethird party output devices comprises transmitting instructions throughsaid individual signal unit.
 8. The system for monitoring and control ofexternal sensors and output devices of claim 1, wherein saidcommunicating instructions to said one or more third party outputdevices comprises transmitting instructions other than through saidindividual signal unit.
 9. A system for monitoring and control ofexternal sensors and output devices, comprising: one or more servers,configured to: communicate over a Wide Area Network with at least onelocal signaling device; register said signaling device to utilizefunctions provided by one or more third party output devices or externalevent sensors coupled to, or operating on the same Local Area Networkas, said local signaling device, said third party output devices orexternal event sensors selectable by a registering entity from aplurality of third party output devices or external event sensors, saidregistration comprising configuring, at least in part, through user dataentry into a web-based interface, a set of predefined steps to be takenby said one or more servers in connection with said third party-providedfunctions; receive a signal from said signaling device; and in responseto receiving said signal, execute at least some of said predefinedsteps, wherein said execution includes communicating to one or moreusers, as configured by user data entry into said web based interface,in response to events sensed by any one of said external event sensors.10. The individual signal unit of claim 1, wherein said communicating toone or more users comprises sending an email to said one or more users.11. The individual signal unit of claim 1, wherein said communicating toone or more users comprises sending a push notification to a mobiledevice of said one or more users.
 12. The individual signal unit ofclaim 1, wherein said communicating to one or more users comprisessending a text message to a mobile device of said one or more users. 13.The individual signal unit of claim 1, wherein said communicating to oneor more users comprises a communication indicating the time of theevent.
 14. The individual signal unit of claim 1, wherein saidcommunicating to one or more users comprises a communication indicatingthe nature of a detected event.
 15. The individual signal unit of claim1, wherein said communicating to one or more users comprises acommunication indicating a status of an item or a system.